As we navigate the complexities of 2026, the modern enterprise's reliance on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) has become undeniable. For Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), this widespread adoption presents both immense opportunities and significant financial challenges. Beyond the traditional focus on cloud infrastructure costs, a new frontier demands strategic attention: optimizing SaaS spend strategies for CFOs. This isn't just about cutting costs; it's about intelligent resource allocation, maximizing value, and ensuring every dollar spent on SaaS directly contributes to business objectives and profitability.
The sheer volume and diversity of SaaS applications in today's organizations mean that traditional IT cost management techniques are no longer sufficient. CFOs must evolve their financial governance to encompass this dynamic, subscription-based ecosystem. This guide will delve into advanced strategies, practical frameworks, and technological solutions that empower CFOs to move beyond reactive cost control to proactive, value-driven SaaS financial management.
The Imperative for CFOs: Mastering SaaS Spend in 2026
The rapid growth of SaaS adoption continues its upward trajectory in 2026, profoundly impacting enterprise budgets. What began as departmental solutions has scaled to become the backbone of critical business functions, from CRM and ERP to HR and project management. This proliferation means SaaS now represents a substantial, often fragmented, portion of operational expenditure, making optimizing SaaS spend strategies for CFOs a top-tier priority.
The challenges unique to SaaS spend management differentiate it significantly from traditional IT capital expenditures or even the more familiar territory of cloud infrastructure. Unlike on-premises software with clear licensing models and predictable upgrade cycles, SaaS operates on a subscription basis, often with opaque usage tiers, auto-renewals, and decentralized purchasing. While cloud infrastructure costs like AWS or Azure might be consolidated, SaaS bills often arrive from hundreds of disparate vendors, making a unified view elusive. Traditional cost controls, designed for fixed assets or project-based spending, simply fall short when faced with the agility, elasticity, and inherent decentralization of modern SaaS portfolios.
For CFOs, the strategic importance of mastering these SaaS cost management strategies cannot be overstated. It's no longer just about preventing runaway spending; it's about unlocking profitability, fostering innovation, and ensuring that every SaaS investment delivers measurable business value. A well-executed SaaS optimization strategy can free up capital for strategic initiatives, improve operational efficiency, and provide the financial agility needed to compete in a rapidly evolving market. Without a clear handle on SaaS spend, organizations risk significant waste, compliance gaps, and an inability to accurately forecast future expenditures, ultimately hindering strategic growth.
Unpacking the SaaS Spend Challenge: Beyond the Cloud Bill
The complexity of SaaS spend extends far beyond the monthly subscription fee. For CFOs, understanding the multifaceted nature of this challenge is the first step toward effective management.
- Understanding SaaS Sprawl, Shadow IT, and Redundant Subscriptions: The ease of SaaS adoption often leads to a phenomenon known as "SaaS sprawl." Individual departments or employees can sign up for tools without central oversight, creating a fragmented portfolio. This often results in "shadow IT," where applications are used without IT or procurement's knowledge, posing security risks and leading to redundant subscriptions for similar functionalities across different teams.[3] A common scenario might involve three different project management tools, each with its own cost and data silo, none fully utilized.
- The Complexity of SaaS Contracts, Licensing Models, and Renewal Cycles: Unlike a single, large enterprise software license, SaaS typically involves numerous smaller contracts, each with unique terms. Licensing models vary wildly—per-user, per-feature, usage-based, tiered, or even active-user models. Each vendor also has its own renewal cycle, often with automatic renewals and escalating price clauses if not negotiated proactively. Managing these diverse terms and dates manually becomes a monumental task, often leading to missed optimization opportunities.
- Hidden Costs: Integration, Training, Data Egress, and Compliance Overhead: The sticker price of a SaaS subscription rarely tells the whole story. Hidden costs can significantly inflate the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). These include:
- Integration Costs: Connecting a new SaaS tool to existing systems (e.g., CRM, ERP) can require significant development effort, API costs, or third-party integration platforms.
- Training and Adoption: Employees need training to effectively use new tools. Poor adoption means wasted licenses and lost productivity.
- Data Egress/Ingress: Moving data in and out of some SaaS platforms can incur substantial fees, especially for large datasets or frequent transfers.
- Compliance and Security Overhead: Ensuring that SaaS applications meet regulatory requirements (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA, SOC 2) adds layers of auditing, security configurations, and potential legal costs, particularly if the vendor's practices are not fully aligned.
- The Shift from CapEx to OpEx and Its Implications for Financial Planning and Reporting: SaaS fundamentally shifts IT spending from capital expenditure (CapEx) to operational expenditure (OpEx). While this can offer greater flexibility and reduce upfront costs, it also changes how assets are depreciated, how cash flow is managed, and how profitability is reported. CFOs must adapt their financial planning and reporting frameworks to accurately reflect this ongoing, subscription-based spending, which can fluctuate based on usage and user count rather than fixed asset schedules. This shift necessitates robust forecasting models to manage cash flow effectively and maintain accurate P&L statements.
Foundational Pillars for Effective SaaS Cost Management Strategies
Building a resilient framework for SaaS cost management strategies requires a structured approach, grounded in visibility, governance, and disciplined processes. These foundational pillars are essential for any CFO looking to gain control and drive value.
- Establishing a Centralized, Real-time SaaS Inventory and Usage Tracking System: The first step to managing what you spend is knowing what you have. A centralized repository for all SaaS applications is critical. This system should go beyond a simple list, tracking:
- Vendor name and contract details
- Subscription start and end dates, and renewal terms
- Assigned users vs. active users
- Departmental ownership and cost center allocation
- Associated costs and payment schedules
- Key features and redundancies with other tools
Real-time usage tracking is paramount. Many SaaS tools offer analytics dashboards, but consolidating this data across hundreds of applications often requires a specialized platform. Without this visibility, identifying underutilized licenses or redundant tools is nearly impossible.
- Implementing Robust Financial Governance and Clear Ownership for SaaS Applications: Clarity in ownership and accountability is crucial. Every SaaS application should have a designated business owner responsible for its budget, usage, and value realization. Finance, IT, and Procurement must collaborate to define clear policies for SaaS acquisition, management, and decommissioning. This governance structure should include:
- Defined approval workflows for new SaaS purchases, especially above a certain spend threshold.
- Regular reviews of application necessity and performance.
- Exit strategies for underperforming or redundant tools.
This ensures that financial decisions are made with business value in mind, not just convenience.
- Developing Standardized Procurement Processes and Renewal Policies: Centralizing procurement for SaaS, even if not all purchases go through a single department, is vital. Standardized processes should include:
- Vendor Assessment: Evaluating security, compliance, integration capabilities, and vendor financial health.
- Contract Review: Ensuring favorable terms, clear pricing, and manageable renewal clauses.
- Negotiation Playbook: Equipping procurement teams with data on usage, market benchmarks, and alternative solutions.
- Renewal Calendar: Proactive management of renewal dates, typically starting 90-120 days in advance, to allow ample time for negotiation or alternative sourcing.[2]
- Accurate Budgeting and Forecasting for Dynamic SaaS Consumption: The dynamic nature of SaaS, with fluctuating user counts and usage-based pricing, demands more sophisticated budgeting and forecasting models than traditional fixed costs. CFOs need to move beyond static annual budgets to rolling forecasts that incorporate:
- Historical usage trends and seasonal variations.
- Projected headcount changes and departmental growth.
- Planned strategic initiatives requiring new SaaS tools.
- Anticipated price increases from existing vendors.
Leveraging tools that can integrate SaaS usage data with financial forecasts is key to improving accuracy and preventing budget overruns. For more advanced financial modeling, consider exploring various cloud cost forecasting models for finance.
Advanced Techniques for Enterprise SaaS Optimization
Once the foundational pillars are in place, CFOs can implement more advanced strategies for enterprise SaaS optimization, moving beyond basic visibility to proactive value extraction.
- License Rationalization: Identifying and Reclaiming Unused or Underutilized Licenses: This is often the quickest win. With a centralized inventory and usage data, identify licenses that are: Unused: Licenses provisioned but rarely activated or used by employees who have left the company. [1] Underutilized: Users with premium licenses who only require basic functionality, or features paid for but not used. Redundant: Multiple licenses for tools serving the same purpose within different teams. Reclaiming these licenses, downgrading subscriptions, or reassigning them to active users can yield significant savings. Regular audits, perhaps quarterly, are essential to maintain an optimized state.
- Strategic Vendor Negotiation Tactics: Leveraging Data, Contract Terms, and Market Insights: Effective negotiation is an art and a science. CFOs should empower their procurement teams with: Usage Data: Presenting actual usage metrics (such as low license utilization rates) to justify lower renewal rates or better terms. Contractual Leverage: Understanding renewal clauses, termination options, and auto-escalation provisions. Negotiate multi-year deals for discounts, but ensure flexibility clauses are included. Market Insights: Researching competitor pricing and alternative solutions to demonstrate leverage. Knowing the vendor's sales cycle can also be advantageous. Consolidation Power: If your organization uses multiple products from the same vendor, leverage that larger spend for greater discounts across the portfolio. often approach negotiations well in advance of renewal dates, ideally 90-120 days out, to avoid last-minute pressure. [2]
- Rightsizing Subscriptions Based on Actual Usage and Business Needs: This involves continuously aligning subscription tiers and features with actual consumption patterns. For instance, if a team is paying for advanced analytics features in a marketing automation platform but only uses basic email scheduling, downgrading to a more appropriate tier can save thousands annually. This requires ongoing monitoring and close collaboration with business unit owners to understand their evolving needs versus their current usage. The goal is to pay for what is truly needed and nothing more, ensuring maximum value from every subscription.
- Consolidating Redundant Tools and Streamlining Application Portfolios: Identify and eliminate duplicate functionalities. A detailed SaaS inventory will highlight instances where multiple teams are using different tools for the same core function (e.g., project management, internal communication, file sharing). Consolidating these into a single, preferred enterprise solution can:
- Reduce overall costs by eliminating redundant subscriptions.
- Streamline workflows and improve collaboration.
- Enhance data integrity and security by reducing the number of data silos.
- Simplify IT management and support.
This often involves change management and requires strong executive sponsorship to overcome departmental preferences.
- Implementing Chargeback/Showback Models for Departmental Accountability: To instill greater financial discipline, CFOs can implement chargeback or showback models.
- Showback: Departments receive regular reports detailing their specific SaaS consumption and associated costs. This raises awareness without directly impacting their budget.
- Chargeback: Departments are directly charged for their SaaS usage. This creates a strong incentive for managers to optimize their team's subscriptions, reclaim unused licenses, and choose cost-effective solutions.
While chargeback can be more complex to implement accurately, both models foster a culture of accountability and encourage more mindful SaaS consumption across the organization. Tovin can assist in providing the granular data needed for effective cost allocation.
Integrating SaaS Spend into Overall Financial Strategy
For CFOs, SaaS spend is not an isolated cost center but an integral component of the broader financial strategy. Integrating it effectively requires a holistic perspective on its impact on the organization's financial health and strategic direction.
- Calculating Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for SaaS Applications: While SaaS promises lower upfront costs, a true TCO analysis reveals the full financial picture. TCO for SaaS includes:
- Subscription fees (current and projected over the contract term)
- Implementation and integration costs (API fees, developer time, middleware)
- Training and support costs
- Data migration and egress fees
- Security and compliance overhead
- Opportunity costs of not using an alternative solution or building in-house
A comprehensive TCO helps compare SaaS options more accurately and provides a clearer long-term financial commitment.
- Measuring Return on Investment (ROI) and Business Value of SaaS Investments: Beyond cost, CFOs must measure the value derived from SaaS. ROI calculations should consider both tangible and intangible benefits:
- Tangible: Increased revenue (e.g., from a sales CRM), reduced operational costs (e.g., from automation software), improved efficiency, time savings.
- Intangible: Enhanced customer satisfaction, improved employee experience, better decision-making through data, increased agility.
Establishing clear KPIs for each SaaS investment and regularly reviewing performance against these metrics ensures that applications are not just being used, but are actively contributing to business success.
- Impact of SaaS Costs on Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and Gross Margins: For many businesses, particularly those in the SaaS or tech sector, SaaS applications are directly tied to delivering their own products or services. In such cases, these costs may fall under Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) rather than operating expenses. Correctly classifying SaaS costs as COGS (e.g., specific tools used for product development, hosting for customer-facing services) directly impacts gross margin calculations. CFOs need to be precise in this classification to present an accurate financial picture, especially for investors and stakeholders. Tovin offers guidance on calculating SaaS Cost of Goods Sold and calculating SaaS COGS from cloud hosting, which can be invaluable here.
- Aligning SaaS Spend with Strategic Business Objectives and Growth Initiatives: Every significant SaaS investment should directly support a strategic business objective. CFOs should regularly review the SaaS portfolio against the company's strategic roadmap for 2026 and beyond. Are resources being allocated to tools that drive innovation, market expansion, or critical operational improvements? Or are they tied up in legacy systems or redundant applications? This alignment ensures that financial resources are directed where they can generate the most strategic value.
- Advanced Financial Modeling for SaaS Portfolio Management: Given the dynamic nature of SaaS, sophisticated financial modeling is crucial. This includes:
- Scenario planning for different growth rates or market conditions.
- Sensitivity analysis for price increases or usage fluctuations.
- Long-term cash flow projections incorporating SaaS renewals and new acquisitions.
- Modeling the impact of consolidation or new technology adoption on the overall cost structure.
These models provide CFOs with the foresight needed to make informed decisions and maintain financial stability amidst evolving SaaS landscapes.
The Role of Technology: Tools for SaaS Spend Visibility and Control
Managing a complex SaaS portfolio manually is no longer feasible. Technology plays a critical role in providing the visibility and control CFOs need to effectively manage and optimize their SaaS spend.
- Benefits of SaaS Management Platforms (SMPs) for Automated Discovery and Tracking: SaaS Management Platforms (SMPs) are purpose-built to address the challenges of SaaS sprawl. They offer automated discovery of SaaS applications through integrations with identity providers, expense systems, and network traffic analysis. Key benefits include:
- Automated inventory of all SaaS subscriptions.
- Real-time usage monitoring at the user and feature level.
- License optimization features (identifying unused licenses, suggesting downgrades).
- Contract and renewal management alerts.
- Spend analytics and reporting.
SMPs provide a single source of truth for SaaS assets, significantly reducing shadow IT and improving compliance.
- Leveraging Cloud Billing Aggregators for Consolidated Financial Insights Across Multi-Cloud and SaaS: While SMPs focus primarily on SaaS, cloud billing aggregators like Tovin take a broader view. They consolidate billing data not just from SaaS providers but also from multi-cloud environments (AWS, Azure, GCP, DigitalOcean, etc.) into a unified platform. This is invaluable for CFOs seeking a holistic financial picture of their entire digital infrastructure. A cloud billing aggregator provides:
- A single pane of glass for all cloud and SaaS expenditures.
- Unified cost allocation and chargeback capabilities across diverse services.
- Enhanced visibility into the true cost of applications running on cloud infrastructure and utilizing various SaaS tools.
- Streamlined multi-cloud billing consolidation and reconciliation.
This integration is crucial for understanding the intertwined costs of modern IT.
- Utilizing Data Analytics and AI for Predictive Spend Analysis and Anomaly Detection: Advanced analytics and AI are transforming SaaS spend management. These technologies can:
- Predict Future Spend: By analyzing historical usage patterns, growth trends, and contractual obligations, AI can forecast future SaaS expenditures with greater accuracy.
- Detect Anomalies: Flagging sudden spikes in usage, unexpected charges, or unusual activity that might indicate a misconfiguration, unauthorized usage, or a billing error.
- Identify Optimization Opportunities: AI can suggest optimal licensing tiers, identify potential consolidation targets, or recommend negotiation strategies based on market data.
This moves CFOs from reactive problem-solving to proactive, intelligent financial management.
- Integration with Existing ERP and Financial Systems for Seamless Reporting: For comprehensive financial control, SaaS spend data must flow seamlessly into existing ERP, general ledger, and financial reporting systems. This integration automates data entry, reduces manual errors, and ensures that SaaS costs are accurately reflected in financial statements, budgets, and forecasts. It provides a single, consistent source of financial truth across the organization.
- How Tovin Simplifies Complex SaaS Billing and Provides Actionable Insights: Tovin, as a Cloud Billing Aggregator, is specifically designed to address these challenges. We provide a centralized platform that unifies your cloud and SaaS billing data, offering unparalleled visibility into your entire digital spend. Tovin helps CFOs by:
- Aggregating invoices from hundreds of vendors into a single, digestible view.
- Providing granular cost allocation and chargeback capabilities.
- Offering predictive analytics for accurate forecasting.
- Highlighting optimization opportunities across your multi-cloud and SaaS portfolio.
With Tovin, CFOs gain the actionable insights needed to control costs, improve efficiency, and drive strategic financial decisions.
Building a Culture of Continuous SaaS Spend Optimization
Technology alone isn't enough; sustainable SaaS spend optimization requires a cultural shift within the organization. CFOs must champion an environment where financial accountability for SaaS is embedded in daily operations.
- Fostering Cross-Functional Collaboration Between Finance, IT, Procurement, and Business Units: Effective SaaS management is a team sport.
- Finance: Provides budget oversight, forecasting, and ROI analysis.
- IT: Ensures security, integration, and technical support.
- Procurement: Manages vendor relationships, contracts, and negotiations.
- Business Units: Are the end-users, responsible for adoption, usage, and articulating business value.
Regular joint meetings, shared dashboards, and clear communication channels are essential to break down silos and ensure a unified approach to SaaS decision-making.
- Employee Education and Awareness Programs on Responsible SaaS Usage: Many employees are unaware of the costs associated with the SaaS tools they use daily. Education programs can:
- Highlight the financial impact of unused licenses.
- Provide guidelines for requesting new software.
- Encourage responsible usage and feature adoption.
- Explain the implications of shadow IT.
Making employees part of the solution fosters a sense of shared responsibility for cost efficiency.
- Establishing Clear Metrics, KPIs, and Regular Review Cycles for SaaS Performance: What gets measured gets managed. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for SaaS optimization might include:
- SaaS spend as a percentage of revenue.
- License utilization rates.
- Cost per active user.
- ROI per application.
- Number of redundant applications.
Regular review cycles (e.g., quarterly business reviews) allow teams to assess performance against these metrics, identify areas for improvement, and adapt strategies as needed. This iterative process ensures continuous improvement.
- Adapting Strategies to Evolving Business Needs and Market Changes: The business landscape is constantly changing, and so is the SaaS market. A flexible approach is key.
- Business Needs: As the company grows or shifts strategy, some SaaS tools may become obsolete, while new ones become critical.
- Market Changes: New vendors emerge, pricing models evolve, and new technologies (like AI-driven features) can change the value proposition of existing tools.
CFOs must foster an agile mindset, prepared to re-evaluate the SaaS portfolio regularly and make necessary adjustments to stay competitive and cost-effective.
- The Role of FinOps Principles in Extending Cost Accountability to SaaS: FinOps, originally conceived for cloud cost management, is increasingly being applied to SaaS. FinOps promotes a cultural practice where everyone takes ownership of the cloud and SaaS spend, supported by a centralized team. Key FinOps principles relevant to SaaS include:
- Collaboration: Bridging the gap between finance, engineering, and business teams.
- Visibility: Providing granular, real-time cost data.
- Optimization: Continuously driving efficiency and value.
By extending FinOps principles, organizations can ensure that the same discipline and accountability applied to cloud infrastructure are also applied to their growing SaaS footprint. Learn more about FinOps.
Future-Proofing Your SaaS Spend Strategies for CFOs in 2026 and Beyond
The SaaS landscape is dynamic, and optimizing SaaS spend strategies for CFOs must be an ongoing, forward-looking endeavor. Anticipating future trends and preparing for new challenges will be critical for sustained financial health.
- Anticipating New SaaS Consumption Models and Pricing Structures: The market is constantly innovating. Expect to see more sophisticated usage-based pricing, outcome-based models, and AI-driven feature pricing. CFOs must stay abreast of these changes, understanding their implications for budgeting and forecasting. Contracts will become even more complex, requiring diligent review and negotiation to avoid unexpected cost escalations.
- Leveraging AI and Machine Learning for Advanced Predictive Analytics and Automation: The role of AI and ML in SaaS spend management will only deepen. Beyond current capabilities, expect more sophisticated predictive analytics that can model complex scenarios, pinpoint highly specific optimization opportunities, and even automate elements of license management and contract negotiation. AI will move from assisting to actively driving efficiency.
- The Increasing Importance of Data Security and Compliance in SaaS Selection: As data privacy regulations become more stringent globally, and cyber threats grow, the security and compliance posture of SaaS vendors will be a non-negotiable selection criterion. CFOs will need to factor in the potential costs of data breaches, non-compliance fines, and the due diligence required to vet vendors thoroughly. This is not just an IT concern but a significant financial risk. For Tovin's approach to data security, you can visit our security page.
- Strategic Partnerships with Technology Providers to Stay Ahead of Spend Challenges: Partnering with specialized technology providers (like Tovin) and expert consultants will be increasingly vital. These partnerships offer access to cutting-edge tools, market intelligence, and best practices that can be challenging to develop internally. They allow CFOs to offload the operational burden of managing complex billing and focus on strategic financial leadership.
- Continuous Evolution of Best Practices for Optimizing SaaS Spend Strategies for CFOs: The "best practice" of today may be outdated tomorrow. A culture of continuous learning, adaptation, and iterative improvement is essential. CFOs and their teams must actively engage with industry forums, research new methodologies, and be willing to experiment with different approaches to maintain an optimized and efficient SaaS portfolio.
Empowering CFOs to Drive Strategic Value from SaaS Investments
The journey of optimizing SaaS spend strategies for CFOs is continuous, demanding agility, foresight, and a commitment to data-driven decision-making. We've explored the imperative for mastering SaaS spend, unpacked its unique challenges, established foundational pillars, and delved into advanced optimization techniques.
From license rationalization and strategic vendor negotiation to integrating SaaS costs into overall financial strategy and leveraging powerful technologies, the path to efficient SaaS management is clear. The strategic advantage lies in proactive financial governance, transforming SaaS from a potential budget drain into a powerful driver of profitability and innovation.
Tovin empowers CFOs with unparalleled visibility and control over their entire cloud and SaaS ecosystem. By consolidating disparate billing data and providing actionable insights, Tovin helps you not just manage, but truly master your digital spend.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is SaaS spend optimization more complex than traditional IT cost management for CFOs?
SaaS spend is more complex due to several factors: its decentralized nature (shadow IT), a multitude of diverse vendors and contract terms, variable usage-based pricing models, auto-renewals, and the shift from CapEx to OpEx. Traditional IT cost management often deals with fixed assets and predictable depreciation, whereas SaaS requires continuous monitoring, dynamic forecasting, and frequent negotiation across a fragmented portfolio.
What are the biggest hidden costs in SaaS subscriptions that CFOs should look for?
Beyond the advertised subscription fee, CFOs should be vigilant for hidden costs such as integration expenses (APIs, developer time), training and adoption costs, data egress/ingress fees, premium support tiers, compliance and security overhead, and potential penalties for exceeding usage limits. These can significantly inflate the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
How can CFOs effectively negotiate with SaaS vendors for better terms and pricing?
Effective negotiation hinges on data and timing. CFOs should leverage granular usage data (identifying underutilized licenses), understand all contractual terms (especially renewal clauses and auto-escalations), research market benchmarks for similar services, and start negotiations well in advance (90-120 days) of renewal dates. Consolidating spend with a single vendor across multiple products can also provide leverage for better discounts.
What role does FinOps play in optimizing SaaS spend strategies?
FinOps, traditionally applied to cloud, extends principles of collaboration, visibility, and optimization to SaaS. It fosters a culture where finance, IT, and business units collectively take ownership of SaaS spend. This involves providing granular cost data, establishing accountability through chargeback/showback, and continuously seeking efficiency, ensuring that financial decisions are aligned with technical and business value.
How often should a company review and optimize its SaaS portfolio?
A company should ideally review and optimize its SaaS portfolio continuously, but formal reviews should occur at least quarterly. This allows for proactive license rationalization, identification of underutilized tools, and timely adjustments to subscriptions based on evolving business needs and usage patterns. Annual reviews are too infrequent for the dynamic nature of SaaS spend.
Ready to gain complete control over your SaaS spend? Explore how Tovin's Cloud Billing Aggregator can centralize, optimize, and forecast your enterprise SaaS costs.
References
- Zylo. "SaaS Optimization Strategies: How to Reduce Spend & Maximize Value."
- Vendr. "SaaS Negotiation Best Practices."
- Forbes. "The Hidden Costs Of SaaS Sprawl And How To Tame It."